Nano-Biosensors for Early Detection of Obesity-Related Cancer Biomarkers

Omeye Francis I.

Faculty of Medicine Kampala International University Uganda

ABSTRACT

Obesity establishes a chronic, low-grade inflammatory and endocrine milieu that elevates cancer risk and worsens outcomes across multiple organs. Early interception depends on detecting compoNsite biomarker signatures spanning inflammatory cytokines, adipokines, oncometabolites, extracellular vesicles, and tumor-derived nucleic acids at clinically actionable concentrations and in real-world matrices complicated by dyslipidemia and high protein burden. Nanoscale biosensors bring the requisite surface-to-volume ratio, quantum and plasmonic effects, and electron transport properties to transduce scarce targets with high selectivity while supporting multiplexing in small sample volumes. This review charts advances in electrochemical, field-effect transistor, plasmonic/optical, SERS, quantum dot, nanopore, and microfluidic nanotechnologies tailored to the obesity–cancer interface. It emphasizes antifouling surface chemistries that remain specific in lipid-rich plasma, aptamer and molecularly imprinted polymer recognition layers that rival antibodies, and device architectures that couple pre-concentration, sorting, and readout on a single chip. Integration with wearable microneedles and sweat or saliva sensors points toward longitudinal, minimally invasive surveillance, while machine-learning fusion of multimodal signals promises individualized risk stratification and treatment triage. Finally, we outline validation, calibration, and regulatory pathways to move nano-biosensing from elegant prototypes to robust clinical tools that detect obesity-linked cancer signals months to years earlier than current practice.

Keywords: nano-biosensor; obesity-related cancer; inflammatory cytokines; extracellular vesicles; point-of-care diagnostics

CITE AS: Omeye Francis I. (2026). Nano-Biosensors for Early Detection of Obesity-Related Cancer Biomarkers. RESEARCH INVENTION JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN MEDICAL SCIENCES 5(1):92-96. https://doi.org/10.59298/RIJRMS/2026/519296