Understanding Photosynthesis in Plants

 Ekellot Phionah J.

Faculty of Biomedical Kampala International University Uganda

ABSTRACT

Photosynthesis is a critical process in plants’ lives and crucial for sustaining life on Earth because it converts carbon dioxide (CO2) and water into glucose and oxygen using light energy. Chlorophyll, the green pigment found in chloroplasts, is instrumental in capturing light energy and driving the synthesis of ATP and NADPH during light-dependent reactions. The Calvin cycle, or light-independent reactions, subsequently utilizes ATP and NADPH to convert CO2 into glucose, providing energy for plant growth and metabolism. This paper comprehensively explores the mechanisms of photosynthesis in plants, including the roles of chlorophyll, the structure and function of photosystems, and the various photosynthetic pathways such as C3, C4, and CAM. Additionally, it delves into the interplay between photosynthesis and plant respiration, emphasizing the balance between energy storage and use, as well as the role of plants in the global carbon cycle. Furthermore, the paper discusses carbon storage in plants, soil, and aquatic ecosystems, highlighting the importance of these reservoirs in mitigating climate change. We also examine human impacts on the carbon cycle, such as deforestation, fossil fuel combustion, and agricultural practices, and provide recommendations for enhancing carbon sequestration through sustainable land management practices, adoption of renewable energy, and technological innovation.

 Keywords: photosynthesis, chlorophyll, photosystems, plant respiration, carbon storage, soil organic matter, human impact, climate change.

CITE AS: Ekellot Phionah J. (2024). Understanding Photosynthesis in Plants. RESEARCH INVENTION JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC AND EXPERIMENTAL SCIENCES 3(3):39-43.