Trends in Malaria Prevalence and Incidence Rates: A Comparative Study of West and East Africa from 2000 to 2024

Nalongo Bina K.

Faculty of Medicine Kampala International University Uganda

ABSTRACT

Malaria remains a major public health challenge in sub-Saharan Africa, with West and East Africa carrying a significant burden. This comparative study evaluates trends in malaria prevalence and incidence rates from 2000 to 2024, analyzing regional differences shaped by factors such as climate, socioeconomic conditions, healthcare access, and public health interventions. The study identifies progress in both regions due to the widespread adoption of insecticide-treated nets (ITNs), indoor residual spraying (IRS), and artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs). However, West Africa faces higher malaria rates, largely influenced by limited healthcare access, insecticide resistance, and socioeconomic disparities. East Africa, particularly in urban areas, has seen more significant reductions in malaria prevalence. Despite advances, challenges like insecticide and antimalarial drug resistance, healthcare accessibility in rural areas, and the need for innovative interventions persist. The study underscores the importance of integrated resistance management, research on new treatments, healthcare system strengthening, and public-private partnerships to sustain progress and move towards malaria elimination in both regions.

Keywords: Malaria trends, prevalence, incidence, West Africa, East Africa, insecticide-treated nets.

CITE AS: Nalongo Bina K. (2024). Trends in Malaria Prevalence and Incidence Rates: A Comparative Study of West and East Africa from 2000 to 2024. RESEARCH INVENTION JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL AND APPLIED SCIENCES 4(3):68-72. https://doi.org/10.59298/RIJBAS/2024/436872