The Role of Pharmacogenomics in Personalized Medicine: Historical Context, Principles, Applications, and Future Challenges

¹Joseph Obiezu Chukwujekwu Ezeonwumelu, ²Uhama Kingsley Chukwuka, ³Ugwu Okechukwu Paul-Chima, ³Alum Esther Ugo, ⁴Ugwuanyi Anthony Chukwudi and ⁵Tambwe Patrick Rodrigue

¹Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Kampala International University Western Campus, Uganda.

²Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Applied Natural Sciences, Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Nigeria.

³Department of Publication and Extension Kampala International University Uganda.

⁴Department of Microbiology Ebonyi State University Abakaliki, Nigeria.

⁵Department of Public Health Kampala International University Uganda

Email: kingsley.uhama@esut.edu.ng

                                                                      ABSTRACT

Pharmacogenomics, the study of how genetic variations influence drug response, plays a crucial role in the development of personalized medicine. Utilizing data from the Human Genome Project, this field aims to tailor drug therapy to individual genetic profiles, enhancing efficacy and safety. This paper explores the historical evolution, foundational principles, and clinical applications of pharmacogenomics, particularly in cancer and cardiovascular disease treatment. Additionally, it addresses the challenges and ethical considerations associated with integrating pharmacogenomic testing into clinical practice. As technological advancements continue, pharmacogenomics promises significant strides in personalized healthcare, though widespread implementation faces hurdles in regulation, cost, and public acceptance.

Keywords: Pharmacogenomics, Personalized Medicine, Genetic Variation, Drug Response, Human Genome Project, Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics

CITE AS: Joseph Obiezu Chukwujekwu Ezeonwumelu, Uhama Kingsley Chukwuka, Ugwu Okechukwu Paul-Chima, Alum Esther Ugo, Ugwuanyi Anthony Chukwudi and Tambwe Patrick Rodrigue (2024). The Role of Pharmacogenomics in Personalized Medicine: Historical Context, Principles, Applications, and Future Challenges. RESEARCH INVENTION JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN MEDICAL SCIENCES 3(1):1-9.