The Role of Gut Microbiota Modulation through Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT) in Managing Type 1 Diabetes: A Scoping Review

Ngugi Mwaura J.

School of Natural and Applied Sciences Kampala International University Uganda

ABSTRACT

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by the destruction of insulin-producing beta cells, necessitating innovative therapeutic strategies beyond conventional insulin therapy. Emerging evidence highlights the role of gut microbiota dysbiosis in T1D pathogenesis, with fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) emerging as a promising intervention to restore microbial balance and modulate immune and metabolic responses. This scoping review synthesized current knowledge on the role of FMT in managing T1D, focusing on its mechanisms of action, preclinical and clinical evidence, and future directions. Preclinical studies in animal models, such as non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice, have demonstrated that FMT delays diabetes onset and improves glucose tolerance. Early-phase clinical trials and case reports in humans have shown that FMT can reduce systemic inflammation and improve glycemic control, though its effects on beta-cell function remain modest. Challenges such as microbiome heterogeneity, safety concerns, and the need for standardized protocols must be addressed to optimize FMT’s therapeutic potential. This review employed a scoping methodology, systematically analyzing preclinical and clinical studies to evaluate FMT’s efficacy and safety in T1D. Future research should focus on personalized FMT approaches, integration with probiotics and immune-based therapies, and long-term outcomes to establish FMT as a viable strategy for T1D management. By addressing these challenges, FMT holds promise for improving the lives of individuals with T1D and advancing toward sustainable disease management. 

Keywords: Fecal microbiota transplantation, type 1 diabetes, gut microbiota, immune modulation, SCFAs.

CITE AS: Ngugi Mwaura J. (2025). The Role of Gut Microbiota Modulation through Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT) in Managing Type 1 Diabetes: A Scoping Review. RESEARCH INVENTION JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC AND EXPERIMENTAL SCIENCES 5(2):97-100. https://doi.org/10.59298/RIJSES/2025/5297100