The Growing Diabetes Epidemic: A Primary Health Concern for Nigeria’s Diverse Population

Mugisha Emmanuel K.

Faculty of Science and Technology Kampala International University Uganda

                                           ABSTRACT

Diabetes mellitus has become a significant public health concern in Nigeria, driven by a complex interplay of genetic, lifestyle, and socioeconomic factors. With a population exceeding 200 million, Nigeria is witnessing a notable rise in diabetes prevalence, particularly Type II Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), which is linked to urbanization, lifestyle changes, and socioeconomic transitions. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the diabetes epidemic in Nigeria, highlighting its epidemiology, contributing factors, health impacts, management challenges, and current strategies. The prevalence of diabetes in Nigeria is estimated at 4-5% among adults, with urban areas experiencing higher rates due to lifestyle factors such as sedentary behavior and increased consumption of processed foods. Ethnic variations also play a role, with certain groups showing higher prevalence rates due to genetic and cultural factors. The rising incidence of diabetes is associated with increased risks of cardiovascular diseases, neuropathy, nephropathy, retinopathy, and other complications, imposing a significant burden on the healthcare system and exacerbating socioeconomic disparities. Challenges in managing diabetes include limited healthcare access, financial barriers, inadequate infrastructure, and cultural beliefs. Current strategies involve national guidelines, specialized care centers, and community-based interventions, but face challenges in implementation due to resource constraints and logistical issues. Technological innovations, such as telemedicine and mobile health applications, offer promising solutions for enhancing diabetes care. Recommendations for improving diabetes management in Nigeria include strengthening healthcare infrastructure, expanding access to care, increasing public awareness, and addressing socioeconomic disparities. Future research and policy should focus on epidemiological studies, genetic research, and the integration of technology into diabetes care. By adopting a multifaceted approach and fostering collaboration among government, healthcare providers, and communities, Nigeria can better address the diabetes epidemic and improve health outcomes for its diverse population.

Keywords: Diabetes; Type II Diabetes Mellitus; epidemiology; healthcare challenges; management strategies; technology, public health.

CITE AS: Mugisha Emmanuel K. (2024). The Growing Diabetes Epidemic: A Primary Health Concern for Nigeria’s Diverse Population. RESEARCH INVENTION JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC AND EXPERIMENTAL SCIENCES 4(2):5-10. https://doi.org/10.59298/RIJSES/2024/42510