Hepatic and Renal Complications in Metabolic Disorders: The Role of Oxidative Stress in Diabetes-Induced Liver Dysfunction and Kidney Nephropathy

Twesigye Davis

Department of Pharmacognosy Kampala International University Uganda

Email: twesigyedavis@studwc.kiu.ac.ug

ABSTRACT

Metabolic disorders such as diabetes mellitus are frequently associated with serious hepatic and renal complications that contribute significantly to morbidity and mortality. The underlying mechanisms involve complex interactions among hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Oxidative stress, characterized by an imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and antioxidant defenses, plays a central role in the pathogenesis of diabetes-induced liver dysfunction and diabetic nephropathy. Excessive ROS disrupts cellular macromolecules, alters mitochondrial integrity, and activates pro-inflammatory and fibrotic signaling cascades in both hepatic and renal tissues. This review explores the molecular and biochemical basis of oxidative stress in the progression of hepatic and renal complications in diabetes, emphasizing the interplay between metabolic disturbances, redox imbalance, and cellular injury. It further discusses potential therapeutic strategies targeting oxidative stress, including antioxidant supplementation, Nrf2 activation, mitochondrial protection, and the use of bioactive phytochemicals. Understanding these mechanisms provides a foundation for developing targeted interventions to prevent or mitigate organ damage in metabolic diseases.

Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, oxidative stress, liver dysfunction, diabetic nephropathy, antioxidant therapy

CITE AS: Twesigye Davis (2026). Hepatic and Renal Complications in Metabolic Disorders: The Role of Oxidative Stress in Diabetes-Induced Liver Dysfunction and Kidney Nephropathy. RESEARCH INVENTION JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL AND APPLIED SCIENCES 6(1):8-12. https://doi.org/10.59298/RIJBAS/2026/61812