Precision Oncology: Targeted Therapies for Cancer
Kato Jumba K.
Faculty of Science and Technology Kampala International University Uganda
ABSTRACT
A paradigm change in cancer therapy, precision oncology tailors treatments to a patient’s tumor’s genetic features. Precision oncology tackles cancer-causing genetic abnormalities, unlike standard therapies. This review examines the history, biological foundation, and kinds of targeted medicines that have become strong alternatives to traditional treatments. Clinical uses have changed due to genetic profiling and medication development, including monoclonal antibodies and small molecule inhibitors. Although progress has been achieved, accessibility, medicine resistance, and data integration remain issues. Precision oncology would use AI, enhance immunotherapy choices, and address socioeconomic constraints.
Keywords: Precision oncology, Targeted therapies, Genetic mutations, Molecular profiling, Monoclonal antibodies.