Evaluation of Antibacterial and Phytochemical Properties of Leaf Extract of Plectranthus cyaneus against some five Human Pathogens

Bbira Mike

Faculty of Pharmacy, Kampala International University, Western Campus Uganda.

ABSTRACT

The in-vitro antibacterial activity of leaf extracts from Plectranthus cyaneus was examined to determine their antimicrobial effects on five human clinical isolates. The evaluation was conducted by measuring the diameter of the zone of inhibition created using the agar well diffusion technique, with an extract concentration of 100 mg/mL. The antibiotic ciprofloxacin was utilized as a positive reference standard at a concentration. The bacterial strains that underwent testing were Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Salmonella typhi. The results indicated that the leaf extracts inhibited exclusively Staphylococcus aureus. The antibacterial activities of the various leaf extracts did not show significant differences. However, the cold extract exhibited the highest activity (22 mm), followed by the crude extract (18 mm) and hot extracts (16 mm), while the ethanolic extract had the lowest activity (12 mm). The phytochemical substances detected by chemical examination of several extracts included saponins, tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids, phenols, terpenoids, and steroids. The plant shows potential as an ethanol-pharmacological resource for developing drugs to treat infectious disorders caused by Staphylococcus aureus. Overall, this research has provided evidence supporting the use of Plectranthus cyaneus by the indigenous population.

Keywords: Antibacterial activity, Leaf extracts, Plectranthus cyaneus, Phytochemical, Clinical isolates.

CITE AS: Bbira Mike (2024). Evaluation of Antibacterial and Phytochemical Properties of Leaf Extract of Plectranthus cyaneus against some five Human Pathogens. RESEARCH INVENTION JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC AND EXPERIMENTAL SCIENCES 3(3):49-56.